Senin, 28 Maret 2011
Standard Surveying Terms
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Politeknik Negeri Medan - Teknik Sipil 09' |
- Aliquot - The description of fractional section ownership used in the U.S. public land states. A parcel is generally identified by its section, township, and range. The aliquot specifies its precise location within the section, for example, the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter.
- Azimuth - The number of degrees from north (or other reference direction) that a line runs, measured clockwise.
- Benchmark - A survey mark made on a monument having a known location and elevation, serving as a reference point for surveying.
- Call - Any feature, landmark, or measurement called out in a survey. For example, "two white oaks next to the creek" is a call.
- Chain carrier - An assistant to the surveyor, the chain carriers moved the surveying chain from one location to another under the direction of the surveyor. This was a position of some responsibility, and the chain carriers took an oath as "sworn chain carriers" that they would do their job properly.
- Condition - See Conditional line.
- Conditional line - An agreed line between neighbors that has not been surveyed, or which has been surveyed but not granted.
- Corner - The beginning or end point of any survey line. The term corner does not imply the property was in any way square.
- Declination - The difference between magnetic north and geographic (true) north. Surveyors used a compass to determine the direction of survey lines. Compasses point to magnetic north, rather than true north. This declination error is measured in degrees, and can range from a few degrees to ten degrees or more. Surveyors may have been instructed to correct their surveys by a particular declination value. The value of declination at any point on the earth is constantly changing because the location of magnetic north is drifting.
- First station - See Point of Beginning
- Gore - A thin triangular piece of land, the boundaries of which are defined by surveys of adjacent properties. Loosely, an overlap or gap between properties. See also strip.
- Landmark - A survey mark made on a 'permanent' feature of the land such as a tree, pile of stones, etc.
- Line Tree - Any tree that is on a property line, specifically one that is also a corner to another property.
- Mete - A limit point or mark. To butt up against.
- Metes and Bounds - An ancient surveying system that describes a parcel of land in terms of its relationship to natural features and adjacent parcels.
- Merestone - A stone that marks a boundary. See monument.
- Monument - A permanently placed survey marker such as a stone shaft sunk into the ground.
- Point of Beginning - The starting point of the survey
- Plat - A drawing of a parcel of land.
- Range - In the U.S. public land surveying system, a north-south column of townships, identified as being east or west of a reference longitudinal meridian, for example, Range 3 West. See township.
- Searles Spiral - A surveying technique used by railroad surveyors in the the late 1800s and early 1900s whereby they approximate a spiral by use of multiple curved segments.
- Section - In the U.S. public land surveying system, an area one mile square. See aliquot.
- Strip - A rectangular piece of land adjoining a parcel, created when a resurvey turns up a tiny bit larger than the original survey. The difference is accounted for by temperature or other effects on measuring chains. See also gore.
- Tie line - A survey line that connects a point to other surveyed lines.
- Township - In the U.S. public land surveying system, an area six miles square, containing 36 sections. The townships are organized in rows and are identified with respect to a reference latitudinal baseline, for example, Township 13 North. See range.
- Traverse - 1) any line surveyed across a parcel, 2) a series of such lines connecting a number of points, often used as a base for triangulation.
- Witness Tree - Generally used in the U.S. public land states, this refers to the trees close to a section corner. The surveyor blazed them and noted their position relative to the corner in his notebook. Witness trees are used as evidence for the corner location.
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Surveying
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